What are common signs of fluid overload in a patient?

Fluid overload occurs when there is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the body, often leading to various physiological symptoms. In the context of the choices provided, the presence of edema, elevated blood pressure, and respiratory distress are key indicators of fluid overload.

Edema is the result of fluid leaking into the interstitial spaces, causing swelling, particularly in the extremities or around the abdomen. This occurs as the body struggles to manage excess fluid volume, leading to a redistribution of fluid. Elevated blood pressure is another sign, as the increased volume of fluid in the vascular system exerts more pressure on the arterial walls. Lastly, respiratory distress can manifest due to fluid accumulation in the lungs, known as pulmonary edema, which impairs gas exchange and can lead to difficulty breathing.

These signs collectively highlight the body's response to excess fluid and are critical for healthcare providers to monitor in patients at risk of fluid overload, such as those with heart or kidney failure. The other choices reflect symptoms more commonly associated with dehydration, infections, or undernutrition, which are not indicative of fluid overload.