What characterizes functional incontinence?

Functional incontinence is primarily characterized by physical impairment factors that prevent a person from reaching the toilet in time. This type of incontinence is not caused by a problem with the bladder or urinary tract itself but rather by external factors that hinder the ability to void. For example, someone may have difficulty unbuttoning their pants due to arthritis or may use a wheelchair, making it challenging to navigate to the bathroom quickly.

While neurological disorders, surgical complications, and medications can contribute to different types of incontinence, they do not specifically define functional incontinence. Each of those categories represents other forms of incontinence, where the underlying issue is more related to the physiology of the urinary system or the effects of treatment or conditions affecting the nervous system or medication side effects. Thus, the correct characterization of functional incontinence focuses on the interaction between physical limitations and the need for timely access to a restroom.