What does a stool sample primarily test for?

A stool sample primarily tests for pathogens, ova, and parasites because it is commonly used to diagnose gastrointestinal infections and diseases. The presence of these elements can indicate an infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. For instance, pathogens like Salmonella or Giardia can be detected through stool analysis, helping healthcare providers identify the source of gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and stomach pain.

The other options, while they may involve elements that can be present in stool, do not define the primary purpose of stool testing. Testing for leukocytes and hormones might be more relevant to other types of diagnoses. Evaluating proteins and sugars is typically associated with other bodily fluids or conditions, rather than stool. Blood and white blood cells can be examined in stool tests, but they are not the main focus; instead, they can indicate inflammation or other conditions rather than serving as a primary diagnostic focus. Thus, testing for pathogens, ova, and parasites is the most relevant and essential aspect of stool analysis.