Which ethical principle encompasses protecting an individual's right to make personal decisions?

The ethical principle that governs the protection of an individual's right to make personal decisions is autonomy. This principle emphasizes the importance of respecting a person's ability to choose what they believe is best for themselves, particularly in their healthcare options and personal life. Autonomy is grounded in the idea that individuals have the right to make choices about their own bodies and lives, free from coercion or undue influence.

When considering the other options, justice refers to fairness and equality in the distribution of resources and treatment, often focusing on societal obligations. Fidelity relates to loyalty and the obligation to keep promises or commitments, while nonmaleficence is the principle of "do no harm," ensuring that actions do not adversely affect patients. While these principles are crucial in ethical decision-making, they do not specifically focus on the right of individuals to make their own choices as autonomy does.